• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Display device comprising at least: (a) a plurality of unitary polarisers (4) semi-reflective; (b) a plurality of pixels (3) which emit or transmit a light called light of the image (6); (c) a plurality of photovoltaic active areas (1) and a plurality of orifices (2), two adjacent photovoltaic active areas (1 ', 1 ") forming an orifice (2) and said photovoltaic active areas being arranged between the pixels (3) and the unitary polarizers (4): This device is characterized in that said unitary polarizers (4) are able to focus by reflection a first linear polarized component (P1) of the ambient light (5 ') on said active areas photovoltaic cells (1) and to transmit a second linear polarized component (P2) of the ambient light (5 ") and / or the image light (6 ').
    公开号:FR3027440A1
    申请号:FR1402316
    申请日:2014-10-15
    公开日:2016-04-22
    发明作者:Badre Kerzabi；Cyril Chappaz
    申请人:Sunpartner Technologies SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to emissive, reflective or transflective screens forming part of electronic display devices containing one or more polarizers and incorporating a module. semi-transparent photovoltaic. STATE OF THE ART In the present invention, a display device is called an electronic device provided with a screen which makes it possible to display an image or a light message by an adequate guidance of the light generated by said device (emitting screens). and / or ambient light (reflective and transflective screens). Most of these screens are liquid crystal or electroluminescent screens that typically contain one or two polarisers. The two performance criteria of a polarizer are, on the one hand, to maximize the transmittance of a first linear polarized component of the incident light and, on the other hand, to maximize the extinction coefficient, i.e. the transmittance ratio between the first linear polarized component and the second linear polarized component (orthogonal to the first). Thus, a polarizer will ideally be the most efficient if it lets pass all the first linear polarized component of the incident light and blocks (by absorption or reflection) the entirety of the second linear polarized component. The standard polarisers most used in display devices are organic polarizers, which transmit about 85% of a first linear polarized component and absorb more than 99% of the second. To increase the efficiency and to reduce the thickness of said organic polarizers, other types of inorganic polarizers have emerged, commonly called "wire-grid polarizers" in English or WGP by acronym. Consisting of a multitude of reflective metal strips separated by orifices whose widths are smaller than the wavelengths of visible light, the WGPs are distinguished from the organic polarizers in that they reflect the second linear polarized component, whence their denomination of semi-reflective or transflective polarizers. Only their cost remains a brake on their use, but roller manufacturing processes (more commonly known as "roll-to-roll" in English) tend to lower their price. The combination of a transflective polarizer with a full-plate photovoltaic module placed beneath said polarizer makes it possible to replace one of the standard polarizers as well as the rear reflector used in such screens, while producing electrical energy. Nevertheless, in such a system, 50% of the ambient light is lost in the first polarizer, the remaining 50% being either reflected or transmitted by the second transflective polarizer depending on the light or dark state of the pixel. Thus, only 25% of the average ambient light is converted into electricity by the photovoltaic module. In addition, depending on the image displayed by the screen, the light intensity received by the photovoltaic module is not uniform over its entire surface, which is problematic in the case where said photovoltaic module consists of connected cells. serial. Indeed, if one of the cells is under a lighting lower than that of the other cells, the decrease of electrical production of this cell will affect all the other cells, because the electric current will be reduced in the same way in all the cells connected in series. Another approach, compatible with all the aforementioned types of screens, is to structure directly at the nanoscale a photovoltaic material in the form of "wire-grid" so that it plays the role of polarizer while generating the electrical energy by converting the linear polarized component of non-transmitted light (Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, 2008, vol.10, p.44014 - University of Tokyo). The manufacture of such a structure, however, requires the control of the etching at the nanoscale via complex and expensive processes and therefore difficult to industrialize. Moreover, there is a necessary compromise to be found between the efficiency of the polarization and the efficiency of the photovoltaic conversion, by playing in particular on the thickness of the nanostructures manufactured. The performance achieved to date is very low, with a conversion efficiency of 0.2% and an extinction coefficient of about 5, which proves the concept but remains unacceptable for integration into a screen.
    [0002] One variant consists in producing the polarizer and the photovoltaic absorber from the anisotropic structuring of the same mixture of organic materials (patent WO2012142168 and publication Advanced Materials, 2011, vol.23, p.4193 - University of California Los Angeles) . The main advantage of this variant is to intrinsically recover the light energy of one of the two linear polarized components of the ambient light (that which is lost by absorption in the standard organic polarizers) to generate electrical energy. However, to be effective, the organic photovoltaic material absorbs at least part of the spectrum of visible light, which gives a colorful appearance to this polarizing photovoltaic module and substantially alter the colorimetry of the screen in which it would be integrated.
    [0003] OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to propose a polarizing photovoltaic module capable of recovering and using the light energy of the linear polarized component absorbed by the polarizer to transform it into electrical energy, while minimizing the impact. the integration of such a module (polarizing and photovoltaic) on the quality of the image displayed by the screen. Another object of the invention is to produce electrical energy regardless of the state, bright or dark, pixels. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention relates to a display device, as well as to a method for producing a portion of the device, as well as to an apparatus comprising such a device. The display device according to the invention the invention comprises at least: a plurality of semi-reflective unit polarisers; a plurality of pixels which emit or transmit a light called light of the image; a plurality of active photovoltaic zones and a plurality of orifices, two neighboring photovoltaic active zones forming an orifice and said photovoltaic active zones being arranged between the pixels and the unitary polarizers; said device being characterized in that said unitary polarizers are able to concentrate a first linear polarized component (P1) of the ambient light on said photovoltaic zones and to transmit a second linear polarized component (P2) of the ambient light and / or the light of the image. Said unitary polarizers are composed of a network of reflective strips whose widths and distances that separate them are advantageously less than 400 nanometers. The reflective strips are generally parallel to each other and metal, for example silver, aluminum or copper. They may also consist of several layers of metals deposited successively on each other.
    [0004] To act as light concentrators, said semi-reflective unitary polarizers may consist of one or more plane, concave or convex surfaces, and of parabolic, conical, pyramidal, tetrahedral, semi-cylindrical or cylindro-parabolic forms. A light concentrator is defined as an optical concentrator capable of collecting the light of a light beam having different angles of incidence in a zone of the so-called "entrance surface" to guide it towards a smaller surface called " exit area ", and generally corresponding to the top of the concentrator. The concentration ratio of the light concentrator is then defined as the ratio of the exit area to the entrance surface. In the present invention, the semi-reflective light concentrators are used to guide a first linear polarized component (P1) from the ambient light to the photovoltaic active areas by multiple reflections so as to produce electrical energy. Thus, the vertices of the concentrators must be positioned opposite the active areas of the photovoltaic module so that most of said first linear polarized component of the ambient light focused by said concentrators is directed towards the photovoltaic active areas.
    [0005] The plurality of photovoltaic active areas may form a single photovoltaic cell or a set of cells electrically connected in series or in parallel to form a photovoltaic module. It can also be several cells or independent modules. Generically, we call thereafter "photovoltaic module" any of these configurations. The photovoltaic active areas may be active on one or more faces and consist of one or more active materials which may be inorganic or organic, crystalline or amorphous, opaque or semi-transparent. These active materials are advantageously thin layers based on amorphous or microcrystalline silicon, GaAs (gallium arsenide), CdTe (cadmium telluride), CIGS (copper - indium - gallium - selenium), CZTS (copper - zinc - tin - selenium) or based on polymers. They may be p-i-n or p-n junctions, or tandem cells, i.e. comprising two superimposed cells which preferentially absorb a different part of the light spectrum. They can be designed to convert visible light and / or ultraviolet light and / or infrared light into electricity. According to a certain embodiment of the device according to the invention, said photovoltaic active areas are positioned in the vicinity of the maximum concentration plane of said unitary polarizers. This configuration optimizes the amount of ambient light directed to the photovoltaic active areas, and thus maximizes the electrical output of the module. In practice, the amount of light concentrated on the active zones depends in particular on the angle of incidence of the ambient light on the surface of the polarizers, a part of the light being lost by reflection of the surface of the concentrator towards the outside of the device. Indeed, all the concentrators have an acceptance cone of the forced incident light, that is to say a limit angle of incidence beyond which the incident light is no longer focused but returned out of the optical system. This acceptance cone depends on the shape of the concentrators and is all the more limited as the concentration ratio, that is to say the ratio of the surface of the luminous flux at the entrance to the surface of the luminous flux at the exit. is important.
    [0006] According to another embodiment, the plurality of pixels are separated from one another by an interpixel matrix and the photovoltaic active areas are aligned with said interpixel matrix so as to minimize Moire phenomena, which are well known to the human being. job.
    [0007] According to a further variant embodiment of the device, the active photovoltaic zones and the unit polarizers are organized in a continuous or discontinuous network of elementary patterns, delimiting all types of shapes, in particular curved shapes, for example circular shapes, planar shapes, example polygonal, prismatic or hexagonal. In this case, it is advantageous to choose a step of the array of active photovoltaic zones that is adapted to the pitch of the interpixel matrix in order to minimize Moire phenomena. According to different embodiments, said pixels may consist of electro-optical modulators, possibly associated with color filters, or electroluminescent materials. Electro-optical modulators allow the brightness of the pixel to be varied, and color filters are typically red, green, and blue (RGB) for additive technology, and cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY) for subtractive technology. The additive RGB technology is coupled for example with a liquid crystal modulator in "Liquid Crystal Display" type display devices, while the subtractive CMY technology is implemented in devices using "electrowetting" type modulators. . According to different embodiments, the light of the image corresponds to a part of the ambient light reflected, totally or partially, in the device and / or a part of the light emitted by the device. In the case of an emitter-type "Liquid Crystal Display" (LCD) display device, the light emitted by the device can be generated by one or more generally white electroluminescent diodes (LEDs) located directly opposite the device. object of the invention, or well on the side of a transparent waveguide in which the light is propagated. In the case of an OLED type display device, the emitted light is generated by a plurality of organic electroluminescent sources which preferentially emit in part of the visible spectrum. According to various embodiments, the display device further comprises one or more other polarizers and / or a quarter-wave plate for polarizing the light of the image. These polarizers, for example of the organic type or of the "wire grid" type, are integrated into known LCD or OLED type devices. The module of the display device according to the invention comprising the unitary polarizers and the photovoltaic active areas can be laminated over the last polarizer and / or the quarter-wave plate of said device. Alternatively, it can replace the last polarizer so as to save a polarizing surface and reduce the thickness of said display device. In another particular embodiment not shown, the display device further comprises a functional surface, for example anti-reflective, anti-UV or tactile detection.
    [0008] The display device according to the invention can be integrated in an electronic device, fixed or portable, rigid or flexible, such as a watch, a phone, a reader, a tablet, or a computer.
    [0009] According to an exemplary method for manufacturing a part of the display device according to the invention composed of concentrators and photovoltaic active areas, the procedure is as follows: (a) supplying a semi-transparent photovoltaic module composed of a plurality of photovoltaic active areas and a plurality of orifices, said photovoltaic active areas consisting of a plurality of thin layers deposited on a transparent substrate; (b) depositing a first layer of transparent resin and then structuring said resin so as to give it a structure which represents the shape of the concentrators; (c) depositing a conformal layer of reflective material on the structured face of said resin; (d) the reflective layer is etched over its entire surface in the form of strips and at the vertices of the concentrators; (e) depositing a second layer of transparent planarization resin. The transparent substrate of the semi-transparent photovoltaic module is generally made of a solid transparent material, such as glass or a polymer of the PMMA, PET or polycarbonate type, and has a refractive index close to 1.5. Advantageously, the refractive index of the first transparent resin layer is identical to that of the transparent substrate. In this method of manufacture, the structuring of the first layer of transparent resin can be carried out under UV irradiation, using rollers or textured buffers which print a network of shapes on a liquid or semi-liquid photosensitive polymer, or by stamping a solid transparent material. The etching step of the reflective layer can be carried out by a photolithography or laser process. The index of the second resin layer must be optimized according to that of the first resin layer so as to limit the total reflections at the interfaces, but also according to the shape of the concentrators so as to maximize the angle of acceptance of the incident light. The invention will be better understood with the aid of its detailed description, in relation to the figures, in which: FIGS. 1a and 1b show schematically cross-sectional views of part of the display device according to the invention and illustrate how it works; Figure 2 shows schematically in cross section the structure of an LCD type emissive display device according to the invention; Figure 3 shows schematically in cross section the structure of a reflective LCD type display device according to the invention; Figure 3 shows schematically in cross section the structure of an OLED type display device according to the invention. The figures are not to scale, the relative thicknesses of the components of the device being deliberately exaggerated to better reveal its structure.
    [0010] DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to FIGS. 1a and 1b, which schematically represent cross-sectional views of a part of the display device according to the invention, called polarizing photovoltaic module 18. Said polarizing photovoltaic module 18 comprises a plurality of active zones photovoltaic cells 1, two adjacent photovoltaic active areas 1 ', 1 "forming an orifice 2, as well as a plurality of semi-reflective unitary polarisers 4 of parabolic shape, generally consisting of a set of metal strips of controlled sizes, said polarizers 4 units are arranged at the interface between two layers of transparent materials 7.8 which ideally have identical or very similar refractive indices in order to limit the phenomena of total reflection of the light passing through this interface.
    [0011] As shown in FIG. 1a, the unit polarizers 4 reflect a first linear polarized component 5 'of the ambient light emitted by natural or artificial light sources external to the device (thus unpolarized before reaching the device) and transmit a second linear polarized component 5 "orthogonal to the first By their parabolic form, the unit polarizers 4 act as concentrators of part of the ambient light 5 by multiple reflections of its first linear polarized component 5 '. positioned relative to the photovoltaic active areas 1 so that said first linear polarized component 5 'of the ambient light 5 is directed by the light concentrators 4 on said photovoltaic active areas 1.
    [0012] FIG. 1b illustrates the operation of the polarizing photovoltaic module 18 with respect to the light of the image 6 emitted by the display device, which is generally polarized at the output of the emitting or reflecting OLED and LCD type devices. It is considered here that the components allowing the display are oriented so that the light of the image 6 corresponds to the second linear polarized component P2. In the case of a perfect interface, the entire polarized light of the image 6 is transmitted through the semi-reflective unit polarizers 4. In practice, phenomena of loss by reflection or absorption occurring successively in the 8,4,7 layers limit the amount of light transmitted 6 'to about 90% of the amount of light 6 from the image. Furthermore, part of the light of the image 6 is reflected or absorbed on the rear face of the photovoltaic active areas 1. However, at constant electrical production, the surface fraction of said photovoltaic active areas 1 is reduced compared to a standard device without light concentrators 4, which makes it possible to increase the total amount of light of the transmitted image 6 '. The polarizing photovoltaic module 18 may be integrated in a display device or in addition to components for displaying an image, or to replace the last linear polarizer traversed by the light of the image 6. The use cases described in FIGS. 2 to 4 refer to three different display devices in which the polarizing photovoltaic module 18 replaces the last linear polarizer usually integrated in such devices.
    [0013] FIG. 2 schematizes in cross section the structure of an LCD type emissive display device according to the invention. Said device is constituted inter alia by a backlight 12 for generating light via LED lighting and a first linear polarizer 11 which polarises the light from the backlight 12. The plane of polarization of the light can be modified by an electro-optical modulator 10 (liquid crystal in this case) controlled by means of two transparent electrodes deposited on glass substrates 9 ', 9 ".The pixels 3 are alternately constituted by three colored filters, typically of red colors. The polarizing photovoltaic module 18 plays the role of the upper polarizer in order to maximize the transmission and to limit as much as possible the Moiré phenomena known to those skilled in the art. a step of the array of active photovoltaic zones 1 will be chosen as a function of the pitch of the inter-pixel matrix 13. FIG. 3 schematizes in cross section the a structure of a reflective LCD type display device according to the invention. The composition of such a device differs from that described in FIG. 2 in that the backlight and the first polarizer are replaced by a mirror 14. The light of the image 6 corresponds to the ambient light reflected by the mirror 14 and which It crosses the pixels 3. Again, the polarizer disposed as standard above the upper electrode 9 "of such a device is replaced by the polarizing photovoltaic module 18. A concrete embodiment is described below. of a display device containing a pixel array 3 150 μm wide separated from each other by an interpixel distance 13 of 30 μm, a photovoltaic module formed of a photovoltaic active band array 1 of 10 μm is supplied. The transparent structured substrate 8 has a refractive index close to 1.5.The unit polarizers 4 are in the form of truncated parabolas with an entrance surface. 30 μm wide and between 20 and 40 μm high. In the case where the transparent planarization resin 7 has a refractive index close to 1.5, the acceptance angle of ambient light incident on the surface of said device is 60 °. FIG. 4 schematizes in cross section the structure of an OLED type display device according to the invention. The electroluminescent pixels 3, typically composed of the alternation of three different organic materials which emit in blue, green and red, are deposited on an electronic control panel 17 for driving said electroluminescent pixels 3, and then encapsulated with the aid of a transparent material 16. The encapsulation layer 16 makes it possible to increase the stability of the materials used in the manufacture of the pixels 3, in particular as a barrier to oxygen and water. The light of the image 6 is directly emitted by the electroluminescent pixels 3. In such a device, the upper polarizer is generally associated with a quarter-wave plate 15 which makes it possible to eliminate the reflection of the ambient light. This polarizer is replaced by the photovoltaic module according to the invention.
    [0014] Advantages of the invention It follows from the above that the invention achieves the goals set. It describes an electronic display device comprising transflective polarizers able to effectively focus a first component of the ambient light on a network of active photovoltaic zones, while being transparent to the second polarization of the image light at the orifices. photovoltaic module. Thus, the energy of the first component of ambient light, usually lost through absorption in standard display devices, is converted into electrical energy. In addition, the device object of the invention has the advantage of producing energy regardless of the state, bright or dark, of the image.
    [0015] Finally, the surface fraction of photovoltaic active areas can be optimized in order to limit the reflections of the ambient light of the polarizing photovoltaic module towards the user. List of markers used in the figures: 1 Active photovoltaic zone 10 Electro-optical modulator 2 Orifice 11 First polarizer 3 Pixel 12 Backlight 4 Semi-reflective unitary polarizer 13 Inter-pixel 5 Ambient light 14 Mirror 6 Image light 15 Quarter wave plate 7 First layer of transparent dielectric material 16 Encapsulation layer 8 Second layer of transparent dielectric material 17 Electronic control panel 9 Protection and control glass of the electro-optical modulator 18 Polarizing photovoltaic module
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS1 - Display device comprising at least: (a) a plurality of unitary polarisers (4) semi-reflective; (b) a plurality of pixels (3) which emit or transmit a light called light of the image (6); (c) a plurality of photovoltaic active areas (1) and a plurality of orifices (2), two adjacent photovoltaic active areas (1 ', 1 ") forming an orifice (2) and said photovoltaic active areas being arranged between the pixels (3) and the unitary polarizers (4), said device being characterized in that said unitary polarizers (4) are configured to refocus a first linear polarized component (P1) of the ambient light (5 ') on said active areas photovoltaic cells (1) and to transmit a second linear polarized component (P2) of the ambient light (5 ") and / or the image light (6 ').
    [0002]
    2 - Display device according to claim 1, characterized in that said unitary polarizers (4) consist of one or more flat surfaces, concave or convex, and of parabolic, conical, pyramidal, tetrahedral, semi-cylindrical or cylindra parabolic.
    [0003]
    3 - Display device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said unitary polarizers (4) are composed of a network of reflective strips whose widths and distances between them are advantageously less than 400 nanometers.
    [0004]
    4 - Display device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said photovoltaic active areas (1) are positioned in the vicinity of the maximum concentration plane of said unitary polarizers (4). 30
    [0005]
    5 - Display device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plurality of pixels (3) are separated from each other by an interpixel matrix (13) and in that said photovoltaic active areas (1) are aligned with the interpixel matrix (13). 35
    [0006]
    6 - Display device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said photovoltaic active areas (1) and said unitary polarizers (4) are organized in a continuous or discontinuous pattern of elementary patterns, delimiting all types of shapes , in particular curved shapes, for example circular, flat shapes, for example polygonal, prismatic or hexagonal.
    [0007]
    7 - Display device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said pixels (3) consist of electro-optical modulators, optionally associated with color filters, or electroluminescent materials.
    [0008]
    8 - Display device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said light of the image corresponds to a part of the ambient light reflected, totally or partially, in the device and / or part of the light emitted by the device.
    [0009]
    9 - A display device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises one or more other polarizers and / or a quarter-wave plate for polarizing the light of the image.
    [0010]
    10 - Display device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a functional surface, for example anti-reflective, anti-UV or tactile detection.
    [0011]
    11 - A method of manufacturing a portion of the display device according to any one of the preceding claims composed of concentrators (4) and photovoltaic active areas (1), characterized in that it comprises successively steps consisting of: (a) supplying a semitransparent photovoltaic module composed of a plurality of photovoltaic active areas (1) and a plurality of orifices (2), said photovoltaic active areas (1) consisting of a plurality of thin layers deposited on a transparent substrate (8); (b) depositing a first layer of transparent resin (8) and then structuring said resin (8) so as to give it a structure that represents the shape of the concentrators; (c) depositing a conformal layer of reflective material on the structured face of said resin (8); (d) etching the reflective layer over its entire surface in the form of strips and at the tops of the concentrators, (e) depositing a second layer of transparent planarization resin (7).
    [0012]
    12 - electronic device, fixed or portable, rigid or flexible, characterized in that it comprises a display device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2016059303A1|2016-04-21|
    FR3027440B1|2017-05-05|
    EP3207541B1|2019-08-21|
    JP2017538956A|2017-12-28|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1402316A|FR3027440B1|2014-10-15|2014-10-15|POLARIZING PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE INTEGRATING IN THE SCREEN OF AN ELECTRONIC DISPLAY DEVICE|FR1402316A| FR3027440B1|2014-10-15|2014-10-15|POLARIZING PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE INTEGRATING IN THE SCREEN OF AN ELECTRONIC DISPLAY DEVICE|
    CN201580055838.3A| CN107003554A|2014-10-15|2015-10-13|It is integrated in the polarization photovoltaic module in electronic display device screen|
    KR1020177012903A| KR20170095818A|2014-10-15|2015-10-13|Polarising photovoltaic module built into the screen of an electronic display device|
    PCT/FR2015/000195| WO2016059303A1|2014-10-15|2015-10-13|Polarising photovoltaic module built into the screen of an electronic display device|
    EP15794214.5A| EP3207541B1|2014-10-15|2015-10-13|Polarising photovoltaic module built into the screen of an electronic display device|
    JP2017520338A| JP2017538956A|2014-10-15|2015-10-13|Polarized photovoltaic module built in the screen of an electronic display device|
    US15/518,399| US20170242172A1|2014-10-15|2015-10-13|Polarising photovoltaic module built into the screen of an electronic display device|
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